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Economics HL · 6 min read · Updated 2026-05-10

The Global Economy — IB Economics Higher Level

IB Economics Higher Level · IB Economics HL · 6 min read

1. Unit at a Glance

This unit follows a logical flow from the core theory of why countries trade, to barriers to trade, then international finance, then broader topics of economic integration, globalisation and development. Core topics are required for both SL and HL candidates, with additional quantitative and advanced analysis topics reserved for HL only.

You will build from theoretical foundations to real-world evaluation, learning to apply models to assess policy choices and their distributional impacts across different economies and population groups.

Common Pitfalls

Why: Absolute advantage refers to lower absolute production cost, while comparative advantage is based on opportunity cost, which is the correct basis for mutual gains from trade

Why: Many students misclassify transactions, leading to incorrect analysis of balance of payments imbalances

Why: While aggregate gains from free trade are common, they often come with concentrated losses for import-competing industries and their workers

Quick Reference Cheatsheet

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